Relationship Between Secondary And Secondary Psychopathy

Psyc121: Introduction to Psychology Is the Relationship Between Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Related to Cognitive Empathy Rebecca Donald 300339504 Tutors name: Tim Granley Wednesday 11-12.50, EA404B Is the Relationship Between Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Related to Cognitive Empathy Throughout our study we investigated the relationship between secondary and primary psychopathy and cognitive empathy. Psychopathy is a mental disorder which can cause an individual to have behavior seen not normal to society. It causes the individual to be antisocial towards others, and they can become egocentric (Richell, Mitchell, Newman, Leonard, Baron-Cohen, Blair, 2003). Primary psychopathy and secondary psychopathy both show the traits of being impulsive, angry and very antagonistic however secondary psychopathy also shows the individual to have social anxiety, doubt themselves and to have swings in their emotions often which is unseen in primary psychopaths (Ali Chamorro-Premuzic, 2010). Cognitive empathy is someone’s ability to be able to relate to another individuals emotions and their mental state (Ali Chamorro-Premuzic, 2010). Cognitive empathy and psychopathy are related as someone who is a psychopath has few emotions and therefore will not show empathy, we are investigating to what extent psychopaths show a lack of cognitive empathy. We are conducting this experiment to see if our results are similar or different to previous studies. PreviousShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Cognitive Empathy And Primary And Secondary Psychopathy1583 Words   |  7 Pages PSYC 121: Introduction Psychology 1 Assessing the Relationship between Cognitive Empathy and both Primary and Secondary Psychopathy A. Craig 300353012 Amanda Richardson Monday, 5:10-7:00pm, EA404A Abstract This investigation is aimed to find whether there is a relationship between cognitive empathy and primary and secondary psychopathy. A correlational design was used, in which the Levenson self-report scale’ Levenson (1995) and the Reading Eyes Mind Test (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) wereRead MoreRelationship Between Cognitive Empathy And Primary And Secondary Psychopathy1432 Words   |  6 PagesThis study looks at the relationship between Cognitive Empathy in Primary and Secondary Psychopathy, using the Levenson Psychopathy Scale and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test to ascertain lack of understanding in emotional expressions in psychopaths. There were 452 undergraduate students who participated in this study and it was found that Primary Psychopaths lack understanding in Cognitive Empathy, Secondary Psychopaths do not. Assessing the Relationship between Cognitive Empathy inRead MoreThe Relationship Between Primary And Secondary Psychopathy And Cognitive Empathy1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Relationship Between Primary Secondary Psychopathy and Cognitive Empathy Rinette van Kradenburg 300334373 Tutor’s Name: Johanna Herrmann Wednesday, 1:10 – 3:00pm, EA404B Abstract When asked what to define a Psychopath people will often respond with descriptions such as â€Å"remorseless†or â€Å"lacking in empathy†. However due to the results of studies from the past 20 years there may now be reason to believe that this is not always true. This study investigates the relationship betweenRead MoreAn Investigation Of The Correlation Between Psychopathy Subtypes And Cognitive Empathy1469 Words   |  6 PagesPSYC121: Introduction to Psychology 1 An Investigation of the Correlation Between Psychopathy Subtypes and Cognitive Empathy Name: Caitlin Sinclair ID: 300306538 Tutor: Lynley McLay Lab Time: Tuesday 3.10-5pm, 404A Abstract This investigation aimed to determine whether or not primary psychopathy and diminished cognitive empathy, and secondary psychopathy and diminished cognitive empathy are correlated. A correlational design, in which 452 participants from the PSYC121 classRead MoreA Correlation Between Primary Psychopathy And Cognitive Empathy1685 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology 1 Is There a Correlation Between Primary Psychopathy, Secondary Psychopathy and Cognitive Empathy? Aisha Atherton 300335111 Tutor’s Name: Nick Allan Tuesday, 5.10-7pm, EA404A Abstract The point of this investigation was to determine if there is a relationship between the two subtypes of psychopathy and cognitive empathy. A correlation design was employed, in which Levenson, Kiehl and Fitzpatrick’s (1994) Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale and Baron-Cohel, et al’s (2002)Read MorePrimary And Secondary Psychopathy Associated With Cognitive Empathy1438 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Psychology 1 Are Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Associated with Cognitive Empathy? Name: Sylvia Thomas-Edmond ID: 300316531 Tutor: Amanda Richardson Lab Time: Friday 11am-12:50pm, 404B Abstract The current study examined the relationship between Primary psychopathy, secondary psychopathy and cognitive empathy in 452 undergraduate students at Victoria University of Wellington. The Levenson Self-report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP; Levenson, Kiehl, FitzpatrickRead MoreCorrelation Between First And Secondary Psychopathy And Cognitive Empathy Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermine the correlations between First and Secondary Psychopathy and Cognitive Empathy. We developed two hypotheses, (the first based off our intel from Chamorro-Premuzic, 2010) that Primary Psychopathy and Empathy will be negatively correlated whereas Secondary Psychopathy and Empathy will be positively correlated . Our subject pool consisted of 452 participants, 113 male and 339 female, where they completed a questionnaire of 2-parts; each part determinant of either Psychopathy or Empathy. The scoresRead MoreThe Association Between Primary And Secondary Psychopathy And Cognitive Empathy1554 Words   |  7 Pagesdesign to investigate the association between primary and secondary psychopathy and cognitive empathy. 452 first year psychology students completed Levenson, Kiehl and Fitzpatrick’s (1995) Levenson self-report Psychopathy scale (LSRP) and Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste and Plumb’s (2001) Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). A significant negative correlation was found between primary psychopathy and empathy while the correlation for secondary psychopathy and empathy was insignificant. FromRead MoreCorrelation Between Secondary And Secondary Students On Empathy, And Was Conducted By Applying Levenson s Srps And Tom1437 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy was to determine whether primary and secondary psychopaths had deficiencies in empathy, and was conducted by applying Levenson’s SRPS and ToM test to a non-institutionalized group. Studies show that psychopathic individuals have no deficiency with empathy, and support the first hypothesis of a negative c orrelation between primary psychopathy and empathy. The study doesn’t support the second hypothesis of a negative correlation between secondary psychopathy and empathy, with no evidence to supportRead MoreSocial Learning And Environmental Determinants Of Psychopathy1585 Words   |  7 PagesDeterminants of Psychopathy Psychopathy is a disorder caused by biological, environmental, and psychological factors that result in both interpersonal/affective deficits and social deviance/antisocial behaviors. It can be broken down into primary psychopathy and secondary psychopathy. Primary psychopathy mainly encompasses the interpersonal/affective components of psychopathy, such as superficial charm, lack of empathy, remorse or guilt, and manipulative tactics. These aspects of psychopathy are typically

Argument Essay Writing Frames - Make Your Essay Writing Easy

Argument Essay Writing Frames - Make Your Essay Writing EasyArgument essay writing frames are very important. You will want to make sure that you include an argumentative element when writing your essay.The main point of an argument is that it can help convince someone that you have a strong case for something. Argument essays are able to do this by convincing readers that the points you make are true. This is an important concept that you will want to understand before writing your argument essay.There are two main types of frames. The first frame is a story. This means that you begin your argument with a story that you use to explain the main point that you are trying to make.Your story should be interesting and have a beginning, middle, and end. In other words, it should be compelling. Remember, you are not writing a book or an essay for a class. You are writing an argument essay and you are using this essay to persuade the reader that your points are valid.If you want to use a st ory, you are going to need to come up with an idea that you can use to start your story. There are so many things you can think of and examples of stories out there that you can borrow from the Internet. You can even get an entire movie made up about your story.Now, you will need to come up with examples of what happens in these stories. How does one event affect another? You can even include video clips and sound files that will help illustrate your story.After you have come up with your story, you will want to write a strong paragraph depth. Remember, you are trying to convince someone. So, if you are writing to convince the person who wrote the essay, you need to be as concise as possible while still making the points you want to make.You are going to be very proud of your argument essay when you find out that you have been able to make someone think about what you are saying. With just a little bit of effort, you can convince anyone of anything. So, go ahead and give it a try.

How to Prepare For Your Bar Essay Topics

How to Prepare For Your Bar Essay TopicsHave you ever thought of taking an SAT or ACT test and knowing that it could have the most likely Florida bar essay topics for the coming year? These two exams are very important to apply to Florida as the state is known for its advanced education programs.A number of recent studies have shown that there are more employers seeking test takers who have taken the GMAT exam, just like their test candidates. So, if you are contemplating studying for one of these exams and have been thinking that it would be really difficult, the opposite is true. Florida could offer one of the most comfortable study environments to take and also learn from a practical examination.Here are some of the most likely Florida bar essay topics for the coming year. However, they are by no means the only test and essays to look out for. It is very important to remember that there is a lot of information and that is why it is worth studying for multiple exams.Of course, the first subject that you should examine and plan your questions on is that of a law clerkship program. The Florida Bar Exam and their examination requirements are very demanding as the questions are usually long and very detailed. This can help you have a well-rounded knowledge of law because not all those who have gone through this kind of endeavor have just a basic understanding of the laws as mentioned in the legislation.You should also prepare for the legal profession that deals with these areas such as the judges and attorneys. It is best to think about writing an essay that could be a response to a Law of the Land question and that could be related to the questions and laws related to the subjects and laws within your law school area. In this manner, you will be able to learn about different areas of law and how they might affect different areas.If you are considering becoming a lawyer, you should also prepare yourself for the details that are necessary to become a legal scholar s. This can help you understand how things work in different areas of law, how to obtain and interpret legal information, and how to act according to the requirements and rules in the law, whether that be Federal State or local.Florida bar essay topics are only a small sample of the many that you should look out for. So, if you wish to know more, visit the website of the Florida Bar Association to learn more about these topics and the exams that you might need to complete.

Russian Minority and Border Issue in Baltic States Free Essays

1. Historical background * Before the 18th century Baltic region had quite few contacts with Russian culture and Ortodox civilization. Region was already integrated to the West! And there was quite little common in the history of Lithuania in one side and Estonia+Latvia in another side! * Only since the end of the 18th century we can speak about the Baltic region as a region what has a common destiny. We will write a custom essay sample on Russian Minority and Border Issue in Baltic States or any similar topic only for you Order Now Destiny which is not pleasure to Baltic states. Since 18th century all Baltic States were as a part of Russian Empire: * Estonia and Livonia (modern Estonia and Latvia) as a part of Swedish Empire was incorporated into the Russian Empire after the Sweden’s defeat by Russia in the Great Northern War in 1721. * The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (created in 1569) was partitioned in 1795 by the Russian Empire, Prussia, and Habsburg Austria. The largest area of Lithuanian territory became part of Russian Empire. * After the World War I in 1918 all baltic countries got independence. This period was extremely important for national self-consciousness. * And again were occupied in 1940 by Soviet Union. After incorporation into Soviet Union Stalinistic red terror regime was started in Baltic region: systematic persecution and physical destruction of political, cultural, military elite of the nations. Mass deportations (to Siberia for example) began, also nationalisation and industrialisation were started. Strong ideological pressure by communists. So Latvians and Estonians historical hatred against Germans turned now against Russians. But memories from independence time actually helped these nations to survive Soviet period – at once we were independent, maybe will be again! * Regained their independence in 1990 after the fall of Soviet Union. Face some problems with Russia. As we can see all Baltic States was in similar position since 18th century. But if we look deeper, we can find that all these occupations made different impact on each country which caused different problems in each country. It was made by Russia delibarately. Latvia and Estonia had better industrial infrastructure before Soviet rule so it was more easy to carry on extensive industrialization here. Because of industrialisation there were lots of russian workforce brought to Latvia and Estonia. Lithuania was not so industrialized, so demanded more investments and also had more free workforce in its own rural districts, so Lithuania effectively prevented extensive Russian immigration, Latvia and Estonia couldn’t. 2. Issues after gaining independence As I mentioned before each of Baltic country faces different problems with Russia after independence. In Latvia and Estonia the biggest still remains russian minority issue. 2. 1. Russian minority issue. After gaining independence (in 1990) there left a huge russian minority in Estonia and Latvia, about 30% of population were russians. It was a huge problem to these countries bacause they wanted to emphasize their national identity, unique language and culture. So the integration process of russian minorities was started just after the independence. Estonian citizenship was given only to the russians who lived in Estonia before World War II and their descendants. All Estonian residents, who had been Soviet citizens, had the right to register themselves as citizens of Russia or to choose any other citizenship. The Estonian Government actively promotes the acquiring of Estonian citizenship through naturalisation, thus reducing the number of persons with undetermined citizenship. A person who wishes to acquire Estonian citizenship by naturalisation must have been a permanent resident of Estonia for at least five years, have a basic knowledge of the Estonian language, have knowledge of the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia and the Citizenship Act. Residents without citizenship may not elect the Riigikogu (the national parliament) nor the European Parliament, but are eligible to vote in the municipal elections. In 2012, 84. 3% of Estonia’s population held Estonian citizenship, 8. 9% were citizens of other countries and 6. 8% were of undetermined citizenship. The same in Latvia – latvian citizenship was given only to the russians who lived in Latvia before World War II and their descendants. There is quite common non-citizen status in Latvia. Latvian non-citizens can be regarded neither as citizens, nor aliens or stateless persons but as persons with â€Å"a specific legal status†. They have the right to a non-citizen passport issued by the Latvian government as well as other specific rights. They have their own magazines, it‘s like uique community in Latvia. So a lot of russians don‘t bother about latvian citizenship and seek latvian citizenship only if they want to attend in political arena, because as non-citizens they can‘t do so. Otherwise there is no point for russians to learn latvian language. Russians in Latvia claim: „Latvian language? Why do we need it? Americans didn‘t learn American Indian language, british didn‘t learn aborigine language. â€Å" Situation in Lithuania is totally different. There are 80% of lithuanians in Lithuania. Historically minorities in Lithuania usually knew and nowadays know lithunian language pretty well, apart some exceptions. Russia’s attitude to this issue. Russia is always complaining about russian minorities in Baltic countries. Russia state to European Union that human rights are trampled on because there is no appropriate respect to russian minorities in baltic countries. Complaints include all Balttic states although russian minority is not essential issue in Lithuania. Only 5,8% of total population are russians in Lithuania. Compared to Estonia (there is 25% of russian minority) and Latvia () , number is very low. . 2. The border issue. Estonia. Estonia had hoped for the return of more than 2,000 square kilometers of territory, named Petseri County, annexed by Russia in 1945. The annexed land had been within the borders Estonia approved by Russia in the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty. The border treaty with Estonia was swiftly ratified by the Estonian parliament in 2005. Howeve r, the Russian minister of foreign affairs withdrew his signature from the Treaty because he objected to the Estonian parliament’s ratification law which made reference to texts mentioning the Soviet occupation of Estonia. The border remains substantially the same as the one drawn by Stalin, with some minor adjustments. Latvia. In the case of Latvia, the border treaty was not even signed till today because Russia was angered by the Latvian parliament’s desire to add a unilateral preamble condemning the Soviet occupation. Also Russia insisted that the situation of Russian-speakers in Latvia must be improved before any treaty could be signed. The Abrene District has been the main reason the two countries have not been able to agree on a border treaty. The Latvian-Russian border is functional in de facto terms. There are two possible ways in which the situation might develop in the future. The possibility that Latvia might entirely waive the unilateral declaration or that Russia might agree to ratify a treaty with the appended declaration. Lithuania. Russia’s border problems with Lithuania were different from those with Estonia and Latvia. True, nationalist Lithuanian groups questioned the legality of Russia’s take-over of the Kaliningrad region from Germany, and the first President Vytautas Landsbergis demanded not only the demilitarisation but also the †de-colonisation† of the region. However, all Lithuanian governments recognised the existing borders with Russia. In 1997 the Lithuanian and Russian presidents finally signed a border treaty. The Russian Duma, however, refused to sign the border agreement, openly explaining that it would remove one of the last obstacles to Lithuanian NATO membership and NATO bases. The Duma also claimed that the transfer of Klaipeda (Memel) from the Russian share of German East Prussia to Soviet Lithuania in 1945 was illegal, complained about Lithuanian politicians raising territorial claims on Russia and discrimination of Russian-speakers in Lithuania, too. However it was ratificated by Lietuvos seimas (Lithunia’s Parliament) in 1999 and by Russian Duma in 2003. Russia‘s policy with Baltic countries: * With Estonia and Latvia, Russian foreign policy is focused on the protection of the rights of Russian minorities. With Lithuania, where this card is useless, Moscow has developed more subtle tactics. * Russia’s tactics take the form of oil sanctions, ‘gas isolation’ and dissuasion of Western firms from investing in Baltic energy projects. * Russian interest: Baltic states as a window to Europe. Baltic States as an obstacle for Russian trade and communication with Western Europe. How to cite Russian Minority and Border Issue in Baltic States, Essay examples

Lake Tahoe On West Coast Essays - Lake Tahoe, Northern California

Lake Tahoe On West Coast An Introduction Lake Tahoe is the pristine jewel of the West Coast, known around the world for its beauty. The Lake Tahoe area was even in the spotlight for the winter Olympic Games at Squaw Valley in 60's. Over the decades we have learned, by mistake, what needs to be done to protect the lakes' beauty and character. The lake is foremost known for its color and clarity, and has been capitalized on for these qualities. However, upon enjoying the lake and creating a tourist and recreational draw we have jeopardized the lake for all the features that we most enjoy and treasure. Simply put the clarity, color and beauty of the lake are in trouble, and the transparency is decreasing at a frightening rate. The build up of phosphorous and nitrates in the lake has promoted the growth of algae that clouds the water, changing the famous aqua, sapphire blue color to a murky, cloudy green. Let's take a look at why we should be concerned with the declining clarity of a lake, and why this lake is so special and unique, and why the surrounding environment is so important. There are many factors involved in causing the decline briefly discussed in this paper; including soil erosion, air quality/pollution, stream conditions which are water flow, and algae growth. Concluding with some positive measures that will help the lake over the long term. Lake Tahoe -- History In exploring what makes this lake unique and special we must first explore where it is, how it got there, and it's aquatic makeup. Lake Tahoe known only to the Paiute Indians until it was "discovered" by General Fremont in 1844. The Lake's exceptional transparency was described by Mark Twain as "the finest picture earth affords." The lake is over a mile high and is nestled amongst the Sierra Nevada, snowcapped, mountain range. Lake Tahoe is uniquely divided between two states, Nevada and California, which presents difficulties in long-term studies, developmental controls, and protection goals.(See figure one) The Tahoe Basin has many political arms wrapped around it , often with overlapping jurisdiction, including the Federal Government, two States, five Counties, and a City. One example of this problem is the fact that: "Lake Tahoe is designated as an Outstanding National Resource Water (ONRW) under U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water Quality Standards Program and the Clean Water Act. With this designation, Lake Tahoe is provided the highest level of protection under the antidegradation policy and no further degradation should be permitted. The state of California recognizes this designation, while Nevada does not."(1:1) The one fact that everyone seems to agree on is Lake Tahoe needs its purity protected and preserved. Contrary to the belief that the lake was formed by a volcanic crater collapse; the lake actually, was formed by the rise and fall of the landscape due to faulting. The Sierra Nevada is a batholith, "an enormous, complex masses of solidified magma, usually granite .... composed of many individual plutons that push aside some of the rocks of the crust while melting and digesting others" (2:403). This pushing aside and uplifting formed a "deep graben fault basin" (3:42). The lake has a surface area of 193 square miles (122,200 acres); a depth of 1,645 feet at maximum and 989 feet at average; a surface temperature of 68?F maximum and 41?F minimum; a capacity of 122,160,280 acre-feet of water; a length of 22 miles and width of 12 miles; a surface elevation of 6,229 feet above sea level; and a shoreline of 71 miles, divided into 42 miles in California and 29 miles in Nevada. Lake Tahoe's great depth makes it the third largest in North America and the tenth deepest in the World, rivaled by such lakes as Oregon's Crater Lake and Russia's Lake Baikal(3:42,4:1,5:2,6:87). "Lake Tahoe is as long as the English Channel is wide. The Panama Canal, 700 ft wide and 50 ft Deep, could be filled with Lake Tahoe's water even if it circled the globe, at the equator, and there would still be enough water left to fill a canal of the same size running from San Francisco to New York." (3:1) The altitude of the area and freezing mountains would cause one to think the lake would freeze over, however, the tremendous depth prevents the lake from freezing. The theory of convection is proven here; the volume is always in motion, as the surface cools it gets heavier and sinks, and the warmer, deeper, water is lighter and rises, mixing with the

Ancient Egyptian Art essays

Ancient Egyptian Art essays Egyptian art was an important part of their lives at this time. Art at this time was either commissioned by kings or nobles for temples or tombs. They had wall paintings and statues of gods and kings in temples to serve for a spiritual purpose. Egyptians loved to be surrounded by beauty in life and in death. Egyptian art was for all intent and purposes for religious and funerary art. Colorful paintings and reliefs, which once decorated the walls of tombs of Pharaoh and the royal family, wealthy officials, courtiers, and nobles, ensured the survival of the deceased in the afterlife. Sculptures could serve as a home for the " k " of the deceased which is the spiritual essence while others would be ex-voto and gifts offered to a deity(Smith 32). They believe this spirit would help that person come back in the next life because of they praying to these sculptures. Their homes often had paintings on the walls, and royal palaces had elaborately painted floors and ceilings. Tombs were filled with as many statues, and also carving and painting, as an owner could afford because they believed it would bring them back to a better life. Egyptian statue wall paintings and carved steles were all functional. The images we see of humans and gods, animals and plants, had a religious intention. Egyptian art could only develop as religious ideas evolved; and such ideas in turn were modified only as a result of changes in the environment(Aldred 5). Statues were places where gods or deceased humans could manifest themselves, places where a spirit could dwell. For non-royal people, the images in the tombs were places of contact between the world of the dead and the world of the living. The Egyptians created art to endure. The major art forms they used were sculpture, painting, and sculptured relief. Sculptured reliefs are basically drawings that have been carved on flat surfaces, stone walls and slabs being the...

How Long Should I Study for the SAT 6 Step Guide

How Long Should I Study for the SAT 6 Step Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In planning your SAT prep, you probably want to know how long you need to study. Is it weeks or months? Is it dozens of hours or hundreds? The answerto these questionsdepends on a variety of factors, including the scores you are hoping to get and how comfortable you already are with the test material from your general experiences in school and life. There’s no reason to torture yourself with endless SAT studying if your scores are already in the target range for your top choice schools. On the other hand, if you are still pretty far away from the scores you are looking for, you may have to work harder than you think. In this guide, I'll show you how to figure out how much you need to improve on the SAT, how many hours you need to spend to get there, and how you should build a study schedule before your next real test. Below are the six steps you need to follow to figure out your SAT study plan. #1: Figure Out Your SAT Target Score The easiest way to get a target score is to Google your top choice school and â€Å"average SAT scores†. You should find a 25th percentile score and a 75th percentile score for the school. The range between the two represents the scores of the middle 50 percent of admitted students.Aim for the 75th percentile score (e.g. a higher score than 75% of the school’s admitted students) as your target to make sure you have the best chance at being accepted! For more details about this, see our article on target scores.Remember, not everyone can or should have the same target score. It’s up to you to be realistic and assess your abilities while also challenging yourself. #2: Take a Practice SAT to Determine Your Starting Point It's important to know your abilities and weak spots before you begin studying. You can plan out your studying time based on how large of an improvement you need to make from your starting point to your target scores. Check out our guide to a set of official SAT practice tests available free online. You can also use your PSAT scores as a baseline for judging how much you will need to improve on the SAT if you've taken that test already. However, I would still recommend taking another practice test if you are in the latter half of your sophomore year and took the PSAT at the beginning of the year. (When I first took the PSAT in high school, I had no idea what was going on in the math section since I had just started my first geometry class. I was like "Shapes? Forget this!" and the proctor told me I had to stop disrupting the other students. Anyways, by the end of the year, everything was much less confusing.) Once you have your baseline scores, you can begin to see where you need to make improvements to reach your target. #3: Decide When You Will Take the Real Test We recommend taking the SAT for the first time during the fall of your Junior year(see the advice under "When Should I Take the SAT?"),but you may decide to take it earlier or later depending on your schedule and level of preparedness. In general, the early bird catches the worm (the metaphorical worm in this case being a higher SAT score).You will have more potential test dates available in the future and a better idea of where you stand if you start earlier. You will also run up against much less stress. You probably don’t want to be worrying about standardized tests while you're filling out college applications during the fall of your senior year. But what if you're in a scenario where you don't have your choice of test dates? Maybe you're planning a hot air balloon trip around the world that's happening at the same time as all the earlier dates. Maybe you'realready coming up on senior fall, and there's only one test date left. In this case, your test date is constrained, and you'll need to work hard to meet the suggested number of hours before your test. Whatever the case may be, you can still find a study plan that works for you. Sometimes you gotta miss the SAT to fulfill the dreams you and your beloved wife once shared. That's how life is. #4: Give It to Me Straight Doc, How Many Hours Do I Actually Have to Study? Based on your goals, you can figure out how many hours you will probably need to study. Follow this handy chart that shows the number of hours you should devote to poring over ancient tomes of SAT knowledge. Number of Points You Want to Improve By Approximate Hours You’ll Need to Study 0-30 Points 10 hours 30-70 Points 20 hours 70-130 Points 40 hours 130-200 Points 80 hours 200-330 Points 150+ hours This is a rough estimate, so itobviously isn't perfect. Each student has different levels of development in terms of study habits and test strategies. We'll go into more detail later about factors that might lead to score variations given the same amount of study time. But in our experience, this is roughly what it takes. If you want to improve by around 30 points, you'll be able to this with a light review, a single practice test, and retaking the official test. On the other hand,if you want to improve by 200 points or more, you'll need to make serious improvements in your understanding of fundamental content and skills.The SAT tests so much subject matterthat to improve by 200 points, you'll need to address deep content weaknesses. Tips and tricks aren't going to cut it. You also might not have this much time to devote to studying because of other commitments. That's why you should take these hourly estimates into consideration while still weighing everything on an individual basis to see what works for you. This brings us to... #5: Make a Study Plan Based on Your Time Constraints and Studying Style Ideally, you will still have at least six months or so before the test to formulate your study plan.As I've said, there is no one size fits all approach to this. You may not need to start studying six months in advance. Two months could be more than enough if you are already closer to your target score or prefer to study for longer chunks of time. Ask yourself how much of an improvement you want to make and then consider what is manageable in terms of time spent. Here are a couple of example scenarios: I Want to Improve by 70-130 Points, and I Have Many Other Commitments Try focused studying for an hour or two every week for however much time you have before the test.If you start at least a few months beforehand, you won’t be overwhelmed with yet another commitment. You'll gradually gain familiarity with questions and learn to avoid any silly mistakes that might cause you to lose points. If you can study for just two hours a week for two months, you should be able to boost your score by 100 points or so. I Want to Improve by Around 200 Points, and I Have the Summer to Study, but I’m not Sure Where to Start! Unstructured time is hard to manage, but this means you have your choice of when you are most comfortable and least distracted for studying times.If you schedule out a few hours each week where you will focus on studying, a couple months can be enough to improve your scores. The chart above recommends around 80 hours of studying for a 200 point improvement. If you have three months to study, that comes out to about five hours a week. Not so bad. If your parents invite their friends over for a barbecue, and they try to talk to you about your college plans in a desperate attempt to relate to you, you can use SAT studying as an excuse to avoid them. Everybody wins. I Want to Improve by 330 Points or More. Am I Crazy? No, you are (probably) perfectly sane!You should start studying earlier, but it’s doable if you are willing to put in some serious time and effort. Especially if your initial score is below average (typically less than 1000), you have a good chance of making a drastic improvement through studying. If you still have six months before the test, you should think about which day of the week you will be least stressed by other commitments and schoolwork and set that afternoon/evening aside for an SAT extravaganza. If you can block out fivehours a week for six months in advance of the test, you should start to see significant positive results. Also, if you happen to have the resources to hire a tutor, this is when you might consider doing so. Tutors have expertise and familiarity with the test material, so they can often help you see your weak spots when you might miss them. Since the SAT is very different from any test you might take in a regular class, it's hard to be a student who is new to the test and try to teach yourself question strategies that are alien to you. Learn from a wise mentor. #6: ConsiderFactors That Increase or Decrease Study Time You might have special circumstances that mean you need to customize your study plan more drastically. Some people should study for more or less time based on past experience and time management skills. You'll Need to Study Longer If: You've already studied a lot, and you haven't seen much improvement.This typically means you need to switch up your strategies in addition to studying more. Take a step back and look at how you have been approaching your study time so you can make productive changes. You're easily distracted.You might not get as much out of your blocks of study time if you are always being sidetracked by other things. Try scheduling out more time, and put your phone away while you're studying. It takes a while for you to learn from your mistakes.If you need to practice answering questions a few times before you understand your mistakes, you should consider studying for longer periods of time. You Might Improve in Less Time If: You are new to the SAT.If you are someone who has barely looked at the test before and just started studying, you are going to see larger score gains in a shorter amount of time. You are a super focused studier.What might take another person two hours to process will take you one, so consider dialing back your study time so you aren't overdoing it and getting test fatigue. You learn quickly from your mistakes.If you never make the same mistake twice, you also shouldn't overdo it with studying. You probably only have to get the wrong answer once before you can rely on yourself to get the right one in the future. Summary: How Long to Study for the SAT You can formulate your SAT study plan based on your goals and the statistics for your top choice schools.The key is starting early! Figure out your target score, take a few practice tests, and decide how much you need to improve.Then, assess your time constraints and be realistic about how much energy you can devote to studying. You’ve got this! What's Next? Check out our Complete Planfor when you should start studying for the SAT. This will give you a more comprehensive view of how to structure your time including what's tested, when you should take the test, and sample score goals for different levels of college selectivity. Also, take a look at our guide forhow to review missed questions on the SAT and ACT. If you can learn to effectively review missed questions, you will be a much more productive studier! Want to get a super high SAT score? Check out our perfect SAT score guide, written by a perfect scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today: